37 pages • 1 hour read
A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Summary
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Character Analysis
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Tools
The narrator sees parallels between the lives of her dead friend and the writer, J. R. Ackerley, who wrote “a memoir about a love affair between a man and a dog” (53). On rereading the book, the narrator discovers that she likes the author much less than before. The love of dogs for men, the narrator says, “keeps [her] from becoming a complete misanthrope” (55). When walking Apollo, the narrator encounters a similar problem as one described by Ackerley: “that a dog going its business in the street—especially a big dog—could get hit by a car” (55). To resolve this, the narrator stands in the road, putting herself in danger. These moments, she says, are “especially trying.”
Many people comment about the dog. One woman chides the narrator for “keeping a dog that size cooped up in an apartment” (56). While visiting a vet, the narrator learns that Apollo’s arthritis means that he is unlikely to live much longer. She describes to the vet fits which Apollo suffers, in which he spends up to a half hour shivering and huddled up, fits which can bring the narrator to tears.
The vet recommends lots of exercise, massages, and never leaving Apollo alone for long. He also recommends that she never allow Apollo to learn the truth: “You can’t really make [these large powerful breeds] do anything they don’t want to do” (58). Remembering a dog who had kept her safe at a time when the city was more dangerous, the narrator does not want that for Apollo. Instead, she wants him “to chill [and she wants] him to be Mr. Happy Dog” (59). She decides that Apollo has to forget his dead owner and fall in love with her instead.
A woman recounts a recent article about the tragic overbreeding of Tibetan mastiffs that the narrator has already read. They met while walking their dogs at similar times. The woman launches into a familiar screed about the inherent “evils of dog breeding” (61). After the woman departs, the narrator thinks about dogs’ capacity for suffering, which “remains a mystery” (62).
The narrator stopped owning cats after those she did own “suffered and died” (63). The inability to truly understand a sick animal worries her. When owning two cats, one died of old age and the other “paced the apartment, unable to rest” (63), asking the narrator for help. On visiting the vet, it was found that this cat had “a mass” (63) and was to be euthanized. The process was disjointed and the vet takes the cat from the room, returning 10 minutes later. The cat is dead. “What have you done?” (64) the narrator asks the vet. Though this was the narrator’s “least favorite” cat, it is the one whose death prompts the most guilt.
The narrator remembers White God, a Hungarian film in which “the dogs of Budapest rise up against the oppressor” (65). The uprising of the dogs does not have a happy ending, but the audience knows that “they have had their revenge” (66). The narrator thinks about the common misconception that “music soothes the savage beast” (66); William Congreve originally wrote that music soothes a “savage breast,” though the former has entered into the popular lexicon. The narrator researches canine depression. She plays music for Apollo but none of it seems to have an effect. The narrator receives a letter from her building’s management, saying that Apollo must “be removed from the premises immediately” (67).
The narrator reflects on a writing workshop in which one member (Carter) tells another (Jane) that one of her characters is too much “like a person in real life” (68) rather than a character in a story. The narrator laments that young students have not been able to explain “the disconnect between tech-filled life and tech-less story” (68). She listens to Carter’s criticism of the piece and thinks of Flannery O’Connor’s remarks about the dangers of allowing students to “criticize one another’s manuscripts” (70). Carter writes fantasy stories; he removes any sex from the pieces he reads in class, worried about how people will react. If the narrator “wanted to see it” (71), he tells her, he would be happy to show her.
This semester, the narrator shares an office with a teacher who is not only in her first year of teaching, but was also once a student of the narrator. The woman was something of a prodigy, selling her first and second novels before graduating. Despite excellent reviews, the first novel did not sell well: “For two years now [she] hasn’t been able to write at all” (72). Her female students act bitterly toward her and three male students “have already come on to her” (72). The woman “lives in terror of being exposed: She is not just a failure, she is a fraud” (72).
Also in the department is the year’s Distinguished Visiting Writer, though “he is never there” (73). The narrator reads the news and sees rapidly diminishing literary markets.
By accepting Apollo into her life, the narrator knows she has welcomed the potential for another tragedy. The dog’s presence has reminded the narrator of the deaths of her previous pets. As a result, she worries about what will happen if Apollo falls ill, and she seeks out two vets who offer her different perspectives on the dog’s mortality. These are proactive measures; she recognizes that the dog has become a substitute for the friend in her life and that she is seeking to preserve the dog’s life. She could do nothing to prevent her friend’s suicide, but she can act to extend the life of his beloved pet—and thus keep her friend’s memory alive.
The dynamic between the narrator and her friend is also explored through their relationships with their students. The two met when the narrator was a student in the man’s class. They eventually went on to become friends, spending a lifetime together though remaining (almost entirely) platonic. At the same time, the man began to date the woman who would eventually become Wife One. This is a dynamic which the narrator sees reflected in her present day: There are young instructors who become romantically entangled with their students, although the changing perceptions of what is and is not permissible in the classroom have certainly changed.
The confusion the narrator feels about appropriate student/teacher boundaries (she takes a quiz on student/teacher behavior and scores two out of 10 points) stem from the romantic feelings she has (or had) toward her dead friend and mentor. The world she and her friend inhabited long ago, when they explored their romantic feelings in a classroom setting, is gone. Yet certain aspects of human nature remain indefatigable, and the narrator believes sexual chemistry will always be possible in such situations. What is new is how society views, discusses, and legislates the issue now. The narrator so closely associates her friend with the past norms of behavior that societal changes become just another reminder that he is gone. The author implies that the narrator may not realize just how negatively past sexualized norms around student/teacher relationships affected her.
Unlock all 37 pages of this Study Guide
Plus, gain access to 9,150+ more expert-written Study Guides.
Including features: